ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Nanodiamonds in Drug Delivery and Stem Cell Therapy
Context: The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Evidence Acquisition: Nanodiamonds (NDs) have contributed significantly in the development of highly efficient and successful drug delivery systems, and in stem cell therapy. Drug delivery through NDs is an intricate and complex process that deserves special attention to unravel underlying molecular mechanisms in order to overcome certain bottlenecks associated with it. It has already been established that NDs based drug delivery systems have excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, photostability and facile surface functionalization properties. Results: There is mounting evidence that suggests that such conjugated delivery systems well retain the properties of nanoparticles like small size, large surface area to volume ratio that provide greater biocatalytic activity to the attached drug in terms of selectivity, loading and stability. Conclusions: NDs based drug delivery systems may form the basis for the development of effective novel drug delivery vehicles with salient features that may facilitate their utility in fluorescence imaging, target specificity and sustained-release.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15456_6d29a59c91ca3e23427ada639cabad5c.pdf
2016-09-01
130
141
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1320
Biomedical applications
Drug Delivery
hydrogels
Nanodiamonds
Surface functionalization
Shakeel
Ansari
shakeel.cegmr@gmail.com
1
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rukhsana
Satar
rukhsanabiochem@gmail.com
2
Department of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah-21418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Jafri
smajaffrey@gmail.com
3
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Rasool
mahmoodrasool@yahoo.com
4
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Waseem
Ahmad
waseemahmad2007@hotmail.com
5
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Syed Kashif
Zaidi
kashif_biochem@yahoo.com
6
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
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121
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production and Characterization of a Nitrilase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa RZ44 and its Potential for Nitrile Biotransformation
Background: The conversion of nitriles into amides or carboxylic acids by nitrilase has taken its application into consideration, as the scope of its applications has recently been extended. Objectives: In this study, P. aeruginosa RZ44 was isolated from sewage in the Kerman which has Nitrile-degradation activity. In order to improve the nitrilase production, several optimization were done on environmental condition. Nitrilase activity was characterized against different pHs, temperatures, ions, and substrates. Materials and Methods: Enzyme activity was evaluated by determining the production of ammonia following to the modification of the phenol/hypochlorite method. Different factors that affect production of the enzyme by P. aeruginosa RZ44 were optimized and evaluated in the culture mediums. Results: The results showed that degradation of the acetonitrile by P. aeruginosa RZ44 increased the pH of the growth medium from the initial pH 7.0 to 9.37. Optimizing the medium for P. aeruginosa RZ44, it was found that glucose and starch (5 g.L-1) have strongly supported nitrilase production, compared to the control. As well, urea (5 g.L-1) and yeast extract (15 g.L-1) have favored an increased biomass and nitrilase production, as the nitrogen sources. These results show that nitrilase production increases in the pH range 5.0 to 7.0 and then start decreasing. Addition of the Mg2+, Fe2+ and Na+ has supported the biomass and nitrilase production. Co2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ were confirmed to inhibit cell growth and enzyme production. Enzyme characterization results show that, P. aeruginosa RZ44 nitrilase exhibits comparatively high activity and stability at pH 7.0 and 40°C. Nitrilase was completely inhibited by CoCl2 and CaCl2, whereas, the inhibition in the presence of MnSO4 and CuSO4 was about 60%. Time course analysis of the nitrile conversion by the resting P. aeruginosa RZ44 cells showed that nitrile substrates (i.e. acetonitrile) was hydrolyzed within 8 h. Conclusions: these results indicate that P. aeruginosa RZ44 has the potential to be applied in the biotransformation of nitrile compounds.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15457_955d13c2b7312bed0ad905f4e578d48a.pdf
2016-09-01
142
153
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1179
Nitrilase
Nitrile
Nitrile-degrading bacteria
production
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sewage
Arastoo
Badoei-dalfard
badoei@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narjes
Ramezani-pour
ramezany22@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Karami
karami@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bioremediation and Detoxification of the Textile Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Using the White-rot Fungus and Reuse of Wastewater
Background: Application of membrane technology to wastewater treatment has expanded over the last decades due to increasingly stringent legislation, greater opportunities for water reuse/recycling processes and continuing advancement in membrane technology. Objectives: In the present study, a bench-scale submerged microfiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to assess the treatment of textile wastewater. Materials and Methods: The decolorization capacity of white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor was confirmed through agar plate and liquid batch studies. The temperature and pH of the reactor were controlled at 29±1°C and 4.5±2, respectively. The bioreactor was operated with an average flux of 0.05 m.d-1 (HRT=15hrs) for a month. Results: Extensive growth of fungi and their attachment to the membrane led to its fouling and associated increase of the transmembrane pressure requiring a periodic withdrawal of sludge and membrane cleaning. However, stable decoloration activity (approx. 98%), BOD (40-50%), COD (50-67%) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (>95%) was achieved using the entire system (fungi + membrane), while the contribution of the fungi culture alone for TOC removal, as indicated by the quality of the reactor supernatant, was 35-50% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions: The treated wastewater quality satisfied the requirement of water quality for dyeing and finishing process excluding light coloration. Therefore, textile wastewater reclamation and reuse is a promising alternative, which can both conserve or supplement the available water resource and reduce or eliminate the environmental pollution.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15458_7dd49a43479bb4e12f6813e8cf5e534f.pdf
2016-09-01
154
162
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1216
Bioremediation
Membrane bioreactor
Textile wastewater
White-rot fungi
Kaizar
Hossain
kaizar.kaizar@gmail.com
1
Department of School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Shlrene
Quaik
qshlrene@yahoo.com
2
Department of School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Norli
Ismail
drni2015@gmail.com
3
Department of School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohd
Rafatullah
khkhjournal@gmail.com
4
Department of School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Maruthi
Avasan
ymjournal@gmail.com
5
Department of Environmental Studies, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, AP India
AUTHOR
Rameeja
Shaik
sk.rameeza@gmail.com
6
Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, AP India
AUTHOR
1. Fu Y, Viraraghavan T. Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: a review. Bioresour Technol. 2001;79,251-262. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00028-1
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3. Hossain K, Ismail N. Bioremediation and Detoxification of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent: A Review. Res J Environ Toxicol. 2015;9(3):113-134. DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2015.113.134
3
4. Asgher M, Bhatti HN, Ashraf M, Legge RL. Recent developments in bioremediation of industrial pollutants by white rot fungi and their enzyme system. Biodegradation 2008;19:771-783. DOI: 10.1007/s10532-008-9185-3
4
5. Asgher Muhammad, Azim Naseema, Bhatti Haq Nawaz. Decolorization of practical textile industry effluents by white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor IBL-04. Biochem Eng J. 2009;47:61-65. DOI:10.1016/j.bej.2009.07.003
5
6. Palmieri G, Cennamo G, Sannia G. Remazol Brilliant Blue R decolourisation by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and its oxidative enzymatic system. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2005;36:17-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.026
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7. Lopez MJ, Guisado G, Vargas Garcia MC, Estrella FS, Moreno J Decolourization of industrial dyes by ligninolytic microorganisms isolated from compositing environment. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2006;40:42-45. DOI:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.035
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8. Firmino PIM, Da Silva, MER, Cervantes FJ, Dos Santos AB. Colour removal of dyes from synthetic and real textile wastewaters in one- and two-stage anaerobic systems. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101(20):7773-7779. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.050
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9. Spagni A, Casu S, Grilli S. Decolourisation of textile wastewater in a submerged. Bioresour Technol. 2012;117:180-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.074
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10. Punzi Marisa. Treatment of textile wastewater by combining biological processes and advanced oxidation. Ph.D. Thesis. 2015; Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck, Lund University Lund
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11. Revankar MS, Lele SS. Synthetic dye decolorization by white rot fungus, Ganoderma sp., WR-1. Bioresour Technol. 2007;98:775-780. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.020
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12. Hamedaani HR, Sakurai A, Sakakibara M. Decolorization of synthetic dyes by a new manganese peroxidase producing white rot fungus. Dyes Pigments. 2007;72:157-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.08.010
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13. Chander M, Arora DS. Evaluation of some white-rot fungi for their potential to decolourize industrial dyes. Dyes Pigments. 2007;72:192-198. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.08.023
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14. Bhatti HN, Akram N, Asgher M. Optimization of culture conditions for enhanced decolorization of Cibacron Red FN-2BL by Schyzophullum commune IBL-6. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2008;149:255-264. DOI 10.1007/s12010-007-8123-x
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15. Hai FI, Yamamoto K, Fukushi K. Development of a submergedmembrane fungi reactor for textile wastewater treatment. Desalination 2006;192:315-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal. 2005.06.050
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16. Kang IJ, Lee CH, Kim KJ. Characteristics of microfiltration membranes in a membrane coupled sequencing batch reactor system. Water Res. 2003;37:1192-1197. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02) 00534-1
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17. Siddiqui Y, Meon S, Ismail R, Rahmani M. Bio-potential of compost tea from agro- Waste to suppress Choanephora cucurbitarum L. the causal pathogen of wet rot of okra. Biol Control. 2009;49:38-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.11.008
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18. Asgher M, Shah SAH, Ali M, Legge RL. Decolorization of some reactive dyes by white rot fungi isolated in Pakistan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006;22:89-93. DOI: 10.1007/ s11274-005-5743-6
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19. Zhang F, Knapp JS, Tapley KN. Development of bioreactor systems for decolorization of Orange II using white rot fungus. Enzyme Microb Technol. 1999;24(1-2):48-53. DOI: 10.1016/S0 141-0229(98)00090-8
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20. Mielgo I, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Lema JMA packed-bed fungal bioreactor for the continuous decolourisation of azo-dyes (Orange II). J Biotechnol. 2001;89:99-106. DOI: 10.1016/ S0168-1656(01)00319-4
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21. Lopez C, Mielgo I, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Lema JM. Enzymatic membrane reactors for biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds. Application to dye decolourisation. J Biotechnol. 2002;99:249-257. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1656 (02)00217-1
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22. Fujita M, Era A, Ike M, Soda S, Miyata, N, Hirao T. Decolorization of Heat-Treatment Liquor of waste sludge by a bioreactor using polyurethane foam-immobilized white rot fungus equipped with an ultra-membrane filtration unit. J Biosci Bioeng. 2000;90(4):387-394. DOI: 10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80006-2
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23. Santos R, Dixit A, Guha S. Sequential batch culture studies for the decolorization of reactive dye by Coriolus versicolor.o Bioresour Technol. 2006;97:396-400. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.010
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24. Meng F, Chae SR, Drews A, Kraume M, Shin HS, Yang F. Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): Membrane fouling and membrane material. Water Res. 2009;43:1489-1512. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.044
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25. Brik M, Schoeberl P, Chamam B, Braun R, Fuchs W. Process Biochemistry: Advances treatment of textile wastewater towards reuse using membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem. 2006;41(8):1751-1757. DOI:10.1016/j.procbio.2006.03.019
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26. Emrah A, Erkurt Ali Unyayar, Halil Kumbur. Decolorization of synthetic dyes by white rot fungi, involving laccase enzyme in the process. Process Biochem. 2007;42:1429-1435. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.07.011
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27. G McMullan C, Meehan A, Conneely N, Kirby T, Robinson P, Nigam I M. Banat R, Marchant W F Smyth. Microbial decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001;56:81-87. DOI: 10.1007/s002530000587
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28. Yu Lan Jin, Woo Nyoung Leea, Chung Hak Leea, In Soung Changb, Xia Huangc, T. Swaminathan. Effect of DO concentration on biofilm structure and membrane filterability in submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res. 2006;40:2829-2836. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.040
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32. Lee JW, Choi SP, Thiruvenkatachari R, Shim WG, Moon H. Submerged microfiltration membrane coupled with alum coagulation/powdered activated carbon adsorption for complete decolorization of reactive dyes. Water Res. 2006;40(3):435-444. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.034
32
33. Jin YL, Lee WN, Lee CH, Chang IS, Huang X, Swaminathan T. Effect of DO Concentration on biofilm structure and membrane filterability in submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res. 2006;40(15):2829-2836. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.040
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34. Kaizar Hossain, Norli Ismail, Mohd Rafatullah, Shlrene Quaik, Mohammed Nasir, Maruthi AY, Rameeja Shaik. Bioremediation of Textile Effluent with Membrane Bioreactor Using the White-rot Fungus Coriolus versicolor. J pure Appl Microbiol. 2015;9(3):1979-1986.
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35. Gao D, Du L, Yang J, Wu W, Liang H. A critical review of the application of white rot fungus to environmental pollution control. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2010;30:70-77. DIO: 10.3303/ CET1227030 36
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36. Xujie Lu a, Lin Liu b, Rongrong Liu c, Jihua Chen c. Textile wastewater reuse as an alternative water source for dyeing and finishing processes: A case study. Desalination 2010;258:229-232. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.002
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its Inhibitory Effect on Growth and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes
Background: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms, enzymes, and plant extracts is regarded as an alternative to chemical methods. Microalgae appear to be an efficient biological platform for nanoparticle synthesis as they grow rapidly and produce large biomass at lower cost. Objectives: The possibility of silver nanoparticles biosynthesisby freshwater green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was evaluated. Furthermore, antibacterial properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated via analysis of growth and toxin production of Listeria monocytogenes. Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by incubating 47.5 mL of fresh C. reinhardtii culture with 2.5 mL of 200 mM AgNO3 solution for 48 h. Characterization of the synthesized nano particles was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Concentration of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was measured by high resolution ICP-OES spectrometer. Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on L. monocytogenes growth was measured. Further, the expression of listeriolysin O was investigated by serial microdilution method and Real-Time PCR assay. Results: Spherical silver nanoparticles with average size of about 10 nm were formed. The particles had inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and antagonist activity on the expression of listeriolysin O. Conclusions: C. reinhardtii has the potential to be used as an effective platform for production of silver and other nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles had potent antibacterial properties.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15442_cb3c22d1a20237e1b1187d07d6656bdd.pdf
2016-09-01
163
168
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1310
Biosynthesis
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Listeriosis
Farajollah
Ahmadi
shahriari@um.ac.ir
1
Department of biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Tanhaeian
tanhaeian@yahoo.com
2
Department of biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maziar
Habibi-Pirkoohi
maziar.habibi.p@gmail.com
3
Department of biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Cui H, Feng Y, Ren W, Zen T, Lev H, Pan Y. Strategies of large scale synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. Rec Patents Nanotechnol. 2009;3:32-41. DOI: 10.2174/187221009787003302
1
2. Edison T, Sethuraman M. Instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia chebula fruit extract and evaluation of their catalytic activity on reduction of Methylene Blue. Process Biochem. 2012;47:1351-1357. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.025
2
3. Mittal A, Chisti Y, Banerjee U. Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnol Adv. 2013;31:346-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.003
3
4. Ali D.M, Thajuddin N, Jeganathan K, Gunasekaran M. Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2011;85:360-365. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.03.009
4
5. Parial D, Patra H, Roychoudhury R, Dasgupta AK, Pal R. Gold nanorod production by cyanobacteria-a green chemistry approach. J Appl Phycol. 2012;24:55-60. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-010-9645-0
5
6. Nowack B, Krug HF, Height M. 120 years of nanosilver history: Implications for policy makers. Environ Sci Technol. 2006;45:1177-1183. DOI: 10.1021/es103316q
6
7. Prasad TN, Kambala VSR, Naidu R. Phyconanotechnology: synthesis of silver nanoparticles using brown marine algae Cystophoramoniliformis and their characterization. J Appl Phycol. 2013;25:177-182. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9851-z
7
8. Monnier AL, Abachin E, Beretti JL, Berche P, Kayal S. Diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes Meningoencephalitis by Real-Time PCR for the hly Gene. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(11):3917-3923. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01072-11
8
9. Bowman J, Bittencourt C, Ross T. Differential gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes during high hydrostatic pressure processing. Microbiology. 2008;154:462-475. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/ 010314-0s
9
10. Mehta SK, Gaur JP. Use of algae for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater: progress and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2005;25:113-152. DOI: 10.1080/07388550500248571
10
11. Mahdieh M, Zolanvari A, Azimeea AS, Mahdieh M. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Spirulinaplatensis. Scientia Iranica F. 2012;19(3):926-929. DOI: 10.1016/j.scient.2012.01.010
11
12. Kannan N, Subbalaxmi S. Biogenesis of nanoparticles-a current prospective. Rev Adv Mater Sci. 2011;27:99-114.
12
13. Mandal D, Bolander ME, Mukhopadhyay D, Sarkar G. Mukherjee P. The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006;69:485-492. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0179-3
13
14. Yasin S, Liu L, Yao J. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Bamboo Leaves Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity. J Fiber Bioeng Inform. 2013;6(1):77-84. DOI: 10.3993/jfbi 03201307
14
15. Dhanalakshmi PK, Riyazulla A, Rekha R, Poonkodi S, Thangaraju N. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using green and brown seaweeds. Phykos 2012;42(2):39-45.
15
16. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv. 2009;27:76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002
16
17. Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Ramirez JT. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2005;16:2346-2353. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/059
17
18. Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface. 2997;275:177-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.012
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Promyelocytic Leukemia in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Stem Cells During Retinoic Acid-Induced Neural Differentiation
Background: Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor protein that is involved in myeloid cell differentiation in response to retinoic acid (RA). In addition, RA acts as a natural morphogen in neural development. Objectives: This study aimed to examine PML gene expression in different stages of in vitro neural differentiation of NT2 cells, and to investigate the possible role of PML in pluripotency and/or neural development. Materials and Methods: RA was used as a neural inducer for in vitro neural differentiation of NT2 cells. During this process PML mRNA and protein levels were assessed by quantitative real time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) and Immunoblotting, respectively. Furthermore bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to assess PML promoter methylation in NT2 cells and NT2 derived neuronal precursor cells (NT2.NPCs). Results: QRT-PCR results showed that, PML had maximum expression with significant differences in NT2 derived neuronal precursor cells relative to NT2 cells and NT2 derived neural cells (NT2.NCs). Numerous isoforms of PML with different intensities appeared in immunoblots of pluripotent NT2 cells, NT2.NPCs, and NT2.NCs. Furthermore, the methylation of the PML promoter in NT2.NCs was 2.6 percent lower than NT2 cell. Conclusions: The observed differences in PML expression in different cellular stages possibly could be attributed to the fact that PML in each developmental state might be involved in different cell signaling machinery and different functions. The appearance of different PML isoforms with more intensity in neural progenitor cells; may suggest apossible role for this protein in neural development.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15459_f77b40a4906291b3fafe619052964684.pdf
2016-09-01
169
176
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1358
Pluripotent stem cells
Promyelocytic Leukemia
retinoic acid
Khadijeh
Karbalaie
karbalaie57@yahoo.com
1
Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sadeq
Vallian
svallian@sci.ui.ac.ir
2
Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Liana
Lachinani
lianalachinani@yahoo.com
3
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Tanhaei
stanhaei@yahoo.com
4
Department of Molecular Genetics , Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Baharvand
baharvand@royaninstitute.org
5
Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Nasr-Esfahani
mh.nasr-esfahani@royaninstitute.org
6
Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
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2. Engberg N, Kahn M, Petersen DR, Hansson M, Serup P. Retinoic acid synthesis promotes development of neural progenitors from mouse embryonic stem cells by suppressing endogenous, Wnt-dependent nodal signaling. Stem Cells 2010;28(9):1498-1509. DOI: 10.1002/stem.479
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10. Zhu J, He F, Hu S, Yu J. On the nature of human housekeeping genes. Trends Genet. 2008;24(10):481-484. DOI: 10.1016/ j.tig.2008.08.004.Epub 2008 Sep 9
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11. Ramsköld D, Wang ET, Burge CB, Sandberg R. An abundance of ubiquitously expressed genes revealed by tissue transcriptome sequence data. PloS comp Biol. 2009;5(12):e1000598. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000598. Epub 2009 Dec 11
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12. Larsen F, Gundersen G, Lopez R, Prydz H. CpG islands as gene markers in the human genome. Genomics 1992;13(4):1095-1097.
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13. Butler JE, Kadonaga JT. The RNA polymerase II core promoter: a key component in the regulation of gene expression. Genes Dev. 2002;16(20):2583-2592.
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14. Deaton AM, Bird A. CpG islands and the regulation of transcription. Genes Dev. 2011;25(10):1010-1022. DOI: 10.1101/ gad.2037511
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15. Reik W. Stability and flexibility of epigenetic gene regulation in mammalian development. Nature 2007;447(7143):425-432.
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16. Horrocks GM, Lauder L, Stewart R, Przyborski S. Formation of neurospheres from human embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;304(2):411-416.
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17. Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3(6):1101-1108.
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18. Herman JG, Graff JR, Myöhänen S, Nelkin BD, Baylin SB. Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93(18):9821-9826.
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19. Rohde C, Zhang Y, Reinhardt R, Jeltsch A. BISMA-Fast and accurate bisulfite sequencing data analysis of individual clones from unique and repetitive sequences. BMC Bioinformatics. 2010;11(1):230. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-230
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20. Stadler M, Chelbi-Alix MK, Koken M, Venturini L, Lee C, Saib A, et al. Transcriptional induction of the PML growth suppressor gene by interferons is mediated through an ISRE and a GAS element. Oncogene 1995;11(12):2565-2573.
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21. Khalfin-Rabinovich Y, Weinstein A, Levi B-Z. PML is a key component for the differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells to macrophages. Int Immunol. 2011;23(4):287-296. DIO: 10.1093/intimm/dxr004.Epub 2011 Mar 22
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22. Korb E, Finkbeiner S. PML in the brain: from development to degeneration. Front Oncol. 2013;3. DOI: 10.3389/fonc. 2013.00242
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23. Gudas LJ, Wagner JA. Retinoids regulate stem cell differentiation. J Cell Physio. 2011;226(2):322-330. DOI: 10.1002/jcp. 22417
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24. Draper JS, Pigott C, Thomson JA, Andrews PW. Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: changes upon differentiation in culture. J Anat. 2002;200(3):249-258.
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26. Schulz TC, Palmarini GM, Noggle SA, Weiler DA, Mitalipova MM, Condie BG. Directed neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. BMC Neurosci. 2003;4(1):27.
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27. Baharvand H, Mehrjardi N, Hatami M, Kiani S, Rao M, Haghighi M. Neural differentiation from human embryonic stem cells in a defined adherent culture condition. Int J Dev Biol. 2007;51(5):371-378.
27
28. Bain G, Kitchens D, Yao M, Huettner JE, Gottlieb DI. Embryonic stem cells express neuronal properties in vitro. Dev Biol. 1995;168(2):342-357.
28
29. Yu E, Choi EK, Kim CJ. Expression of promyelocytic leukemia protein increases during the differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells. Virchows Arch. 2003;442(3):278-283.
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30
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31
32. Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci. 2015;5(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9.e Collection 2015
32
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34
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35
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36
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37
38. Cheng X, Kao HY. Post-translational modifications of PML: consequences and implications. Front Oncol. 2012;2:210. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00210.eCollection 2012
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anticancer Properties of Chrysin on Colon Cancer Cells, In vitro and In vivo with Modulation of Caspase-3, -9, Bax and Sall4
Background: The SALL4/Sall4 is constitutively expressed in human and mice. SALL4 mRNA could be used as a marker for the diagnosis of different types of cancers. On the other hand, chrysin has diverse biological properties. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of the chrysin was investigated on the CT26 colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression levels of the stem cell markers; sall4 and Bax was analyzed, as well. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects and the type of cell death induced by chrysin were evaluated using a number of biological assays. The apoptotic pathway was examined by caspase-3and caspase-9 assay. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of chrysin on transplanted CT26 tumor cells in BALB/c mice was investigated. In addition, mRNA expression of sall4, Bax was analyzed with RT-PCR. Results: MTT assay and morphological characteristics showed that chrysin exerted a cytotoxic effect on CT26 cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50= 80 mg.mL-1. The biological assays have indicated that chrysin administrated cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells through recruitment of the apoptosis. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 colorimetric assays, in addition to Bax expression analysis, have indicated the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the cytotoxic effect of the chrysin. The in vivo assay revealed a remarkable reduction of the colon tumor volume in treated mice (8, 10 mg.kg -1) as compared to the untreated mice. RT-PCR elucidated that chrysin attenuated tumor volume through down regulation of the sall4 and up-regulation of the Bax. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that chrysin accomplishes anti-cancer effect on colon cancer cells via induction of the apoptosis and attenuation of the sall4 the expression. These findings introduce chrysin as an efficient apoptosis based therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15460_a48167f1c95bcaf27cbd5e63516b531f.pdf
2016-09-01
177
184
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1374
Apoptosis
Chrysin
Colon cancer
in vivo
Sall4
Maliheh
Bahadori
malihebahadori@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Baharara
baharara78@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, Research Center For Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elaheh
Amini
elah.amini73@gmail.com
3
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Wargovich MJ, Morris J, Brown V, Ellis J, Logothetis B, Weber R. Nutraceutical use in late-stage cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010;29(3):503-510. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9240-5
1
2. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69-90. DOI: 10.3322/caac.20107
2
3. Jung GR, Kim KJ, Choi CH, Lee TB, Han SI, Han HK, et al. Effect of betulinic acid on anticancer drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;101(4):277-285. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00115.x
3
4. Ohe Y. Treatment-related death from chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy for advanced cancer. Panminerva Med. 2002;44(3):205-212. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone
4
5. Mushiake H, Tsunoda T, Nukatsuka M, Shimao K, Fukushima M, Tahara H. Dendritic cells might be one of key factors for eliciting antitumor effect by chemoimmunotherapy in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005;54(2):120-128. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0585-x
5
6. Mukherjee AK, Basu S, Sarkar N, Ghosh AC. Advances in cancer therapy with plant based natural products. Curr Med Chem. 2001;8(12):1467-1486. DOI: 10.2174/0929867013372094
6
7. Parsaee H, Asili J, Mousavi SH, Soofi H, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Apoptosis Induction of Salvia chorassanica Root Extract on Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013;12(1):75-83.
7
8. Amini E, Baharara J, Nikdel N, Salek Abdollahi F. Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Honey Bee Venom and Chrysin on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol. 2015;4:68-73. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-334
8
9. Khoo BY, Chua SL, Balaram P. Apoptotic effects of chrysin in human cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11(5):2188-2199. DOI: 10.3390/ijms11052188
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11. Ren J, Cheng H, Xin WQ, Chen X, Hu K. Induction of apoptosis by 7-piperazinethylchrysin in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2012;28(5):1719-1726. DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2016
11
12. Gao C, Kong NR, Chai L. The role of stem cell factor SALL4 in leukemogenesis. Crit Rev Oncog. 2011;16(1-2):117-127. DOI: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.v16.i1-2.110
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13. Cao D, Humphrey PA, Allan RW. SALL4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors. Cancer. 2009;115(12): 2640-2651. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24308
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14. Lin J, Qian J, Yao DM, Qian W, Yang J, Wang CZ, et al. Aberrant hypomethylation of SALL4 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res. 2013;37(1):71-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.10.014
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15. Han SX, Wang JL, Guo XJ, He CC, Ying X, Ma JL, et al. Serum SALL4 is a novel prognosis biomarker with tumor recurrence and poor survival of patients in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2014/ 262385
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16
17. Amini E, Nabiuni M, Baharara J, Parivar K, Asili J. In vitro pro apoptotic effect of crude saponin from Ophiocoma erinaceus against cervical cancer. Iran J Pharmaceutical Res. 2016;in press
17
18. Namvar F, Rahman HS, Mohamad R, Baharara J, Mahdavi M, Amini E, et al. Cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via seaweed aqueous extract. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;19(9):2479-2488. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S59661119
18
19. Thangam R, Sathuvan M, Poongodi A, Suresh V, Pazhanichamy K, Sivasubramanian S, et al. Activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells by Cymbopogon citratus polysaccharide fractions. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;107:138-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.039
19
20. Saha SK, Sikdar S, Mukherjee A, Bhadra K, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Ethanolic extract of the Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis, has demonstrable chemopreventive effects on HeLa cells in vitro: Drug-DNA interaction with calf thymus DNA as target. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013;36(1):202-214. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.023
20
21. Aggarwal BB, Banerjee S, Bharadwaj U, Sung B, Shishodia S, Sethi G. Curcumin induces the degradation of cyclin E expression through ubiquitin-dependent pathway and up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 in multiple human tumor cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;73(7):1024-1032. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.010
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22. Mehta RG, Murillo G, Naithani R, Peng X. Cancer chemoprevention by natural products: how far have we come? Pharm Res. 2010;27(6):950-961. DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0085-y
22
23. Li X, Huang Q, Ong CN, Yang XF, Shen HM. Chrysin sensitizes tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB. Cancer Lett. 2010;293(1):109-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01. 002
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24. Pushpavalli G, Kalaiarasi P, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Effect of chrysin on hepatoprotective and antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;631(1-3):36-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.031
24
25. Zhang T, Chen X, Qu L, Wu J, Cui R, Zhao Y. Chrysin and its phosphate ester inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in Hela cells. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004;12(23):6097-6105. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.013
25
26. Shao JJ, Zhang AP, Qin W, Zheng L, Zhu YF, Chen X. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is involved in chrysin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in cultured A549 lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;423(3):448-453. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.123
26
27. Brechbuhl HM, Kachadourian R, Min E, Chan D, Day BJ. Chrysin enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cancer cell lines: the role of glutathione. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;258(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.004
27
28. Yang F, Jin H, Pi J, Jiang JH, Liu L, Bai HH, et al. Anti-tumor activity evaluation of novel chrysin-organogermanium (IV) complex in MCF-7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2013;23(20):5544-5551. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.055
28
29. Miyamoto S, Kohno H, Suzuki R, Sugie S, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, et al. Preventive effects of chrysin on the development of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats. Oncol Rep. 2006;15(5):1169-1173. DOI: 10.3892/or. 15.5.1169
29
30. Li X, Wang JN, Huang JM, Xiong XK, Chen MF, Ong CN, et al. Chrysin promotes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25(3): 630-635. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.12.013
30
31. Izuta H, Shimazawa M, Tazawa S, Araki Y, Mishima S, Hara H. Protective effects of Chinese propolis and its component, chrysin, against neuronal cell death via inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(19):8944-8953. DOI: 10.1021/jf8014206
31
32. Pal-Bhadra M, Ramaiah MJ, Reddy TL, Krishnan A, Pushpavalli SN, Babu KS, et al. Plant HDAC inhibitor chrysin arrest cell growth and induce p21WAF1 by altering chromatin of STAT response element in A375 cells. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:180-189. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-180
32
33. Kobayashi D, Kuribayashi K, Tanaka M, Watanabe N. Overexpression of SALL4 in lung cancer and its importance in cell proliferation. Oncol Rep. 2011;26(4):965-970. DOI: 10.3892/ or.2011.1374
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34. Forghanifard MM, Moghbeli M, Raeisossadati R, Tavassoli A, Javdani Mallak A, Boroumand-Noughabi S, et al. Role of SALL4 in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. J Biomed Sci. 2013;20:6-12. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9240-5
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synergistic Effect of Expressed miR-128 and Puma protein on Targeted Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis
Background: Puma is a highly robust pro-apoptotic protein. The protein becomes activated by p53 ensuing beyond-repair DNA damage. Downregulation of SIRT 1, by miR-128, elevates activated p53 that foment Puma indirectly. Objectives: In the present study, we used two-expression Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) system for co-expression of miR-128 and Puma in order to evaluate apoptotic response; both in the tumor and normal cells, respectively. Materials and Methods: Three recombinant AAVs constructs were generated. The First rAAV bearing Puma under the control of hTERT (p-AAV), the second construct designed such that to carry miR-128 downstream of CMV (mi-AAV), and the last construct comprises of the both CMV-miR-128 and hTERT- Puma. Real-Time PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate expression levels of the transduced genes. Results: MTT assay and DAPI staining shown suicidal effect of each recombinant AAV vectors. p-AAV cytotoxicity was recorded for 62% of the tumor cells, while for normal cells it was only 20% cytotoxic. The second construct, mi-AAV, was not as potent and selective as p-AAV. This construct was shown to be 27% and 16% cytotoxic for BT-474 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. Co-expression of Puma and miR-128 (p-mi-AAV) was accomplished with a selective cytotoxicity toward BT-474. This construct was 85% toxic for tumor cells, although it was only 25% toxic for the normal cell line (HEK-293). Conclusions: In this study, we have shown that not only Puma is able to instigate apoptotic response but also its co-expression along with miR-128 could significantly enhance apoptosis in a synergistic manner.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15461_dab0558438e11cbd03b3d9af42232f1a.pdf
2016-09-01
185
191
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1429
AAV
Adeno-Associated Virus
Gene Therapy
Puma
Suicide gene
Shahryar
Khoshtinat Nikkhoi
shahryar.1988@gmail.com
1
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ruhollah
Dorostkar
r.dorost@yahoo.com
2
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Ranjbar
srmax_2007@yahoo.com
3
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hedieh
Heydarzadeh
hedi.heydarzadeh@gmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology, Azad University of Shahreh-Qods, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Tat
tatmahdi@yahoo.com
5
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Majdedin
Ghalavand
gmajdedin@yahoo.com
6
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Farasat
a.farasat@modares.ac.ir
7
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Sadegh
Hashemzadeh
dr_hashemzadeh@bmsu.ac.ir
8
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Duan D, Yue Y, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. A new dual-vector approach to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene expression through intermolecular cis activation. Nat Med. 2000;6(5):595-598. DOI: 10.1038/75080
1
2. Lai LJ, Lin KK, Foulks GN, Ma L, Xiao X, Chen KH. Highly efficient ex vivo gene delivery into human corneal endothelial cells by recombinant adeno-associated virus. Curr Eye Res. 2005;30(3):213-219. DOI: 10.1080/02713680590927515
2
3. Sun L, Li J, Xiao X. Overcoming adeno-associated virus vector size limitation through viral DNA heterodimerization. Nat Med. 2000;6(5):599-602. DOI: 10.1038/75087
3
4. Duan D, Yue Y, Engelhardt JF. Expanding AAV packaging capacity with trans-splicing or overlapping vectors: a quantitative comparison. Mol Ther. 2001;4(4):383-391. DOI: 1525-0016/01
4
5. Dohi T, Beltrami E, Wall NR, Plescia J, Altieri DC. Mitochondrial survivin inhibits apoptosis and promotes tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(8):1117-1127. DOI: 10.1172/ JCI22222
5
6. Lebedeva IV, Su Z-Z, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, editors. Restoring apoptosis as a strategy for cancer gene therapy: focus on p53 and mda-7. Semin Cancer Biol. 2003;13(2):169-178. DOI: 10.1016/S1044-579X(02)00134-7
6
7. Nakano K, Vousden KH. PUMA, a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53. Mol Cell. 2001;7(3):683-694. DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00214-3
7
8. Wang H, Qian H, Yu J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Fu M, et al. Administration of PUMA adenovirus increases the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006;5(4):380-385. DOI: 10.4161/cbt.5.4.2477
8
9. Vavrova J, Rezacova M. Importance of proapoptotic protein PUMA in cell radioresistance. Folia Biol (Praha). 2014;60:53-56.
9
10. Chipuk JE, Green DR. PUMA cooperates with direct activator proteins to promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Cell Cycle. 2009;8(17):2692-2696. DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.17.9412
10
11. Pusapati RV, Rounbehler RJ, Hong S, Powers JT, Yan M, Kiguchi K, et al. ATM promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenesis in response to Myc. PNAS. 2006;103(5):1446-1451. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507367103
11
12. Tang D, Lotze M, Kang R, Zeh H. Apoptosis promotes early tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2011;30(16):1851-1854. DOI: 10.1038/ onc.2010.573
12
13. Yu J, Zhang L, Hwang PM, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. PUMA induces the rapid apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell. 2001;7(3):673-682. DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00213-1
13
14. Yu J, Yue W, Wu B, Zhang L. PUMA sensitizes lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(9):2928-2936. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2429
14
15. Adlakha Y, Saini N. miR-128 exerts pro-apoptotic effect in a p53 transcription-dependent and-independent manner via PUMA-Bak axis. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4(3):e542. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.46
15
16. Lee JT, Gu W. SIRT1 Regulator of p53 Deacetylation. Genes Cancer. 2013;4(3-4):112-117. DOI: 10.1177/1947601913484496
16
17. Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Lowenstein CJ. miR-34a repression of SIRT1 regulates apoptosis. PNAS. 2008;105(36):13421-13426. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801613105
17
18. Li L, Wang L, Li L, Wang Z, Ho Y, McDonald T, et al. Activation of p53 by SIRT1 inhibition enhances elimination of CML leukemia stem cells in combination with imatinib. Cancer cell. 2012;21(2):266-281. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.12.020
18
19. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72(1):248-254. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
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20. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970;227(5259):680-685. DOI: 10.1038/227680a0
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21. Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. PNAS. 1979;76(9):4350-4354. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350
21
22. Zinn RL, Pruitt K, Eguchi S, Baylin SB, Herman JG. hTERT is expressed in cancer cell lines despite promoter DNA methylation by preservation of unmethylated DNA and active chromatin around the transcription start site. Cancer Res. 2007;67(1):194-201. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3396
22
23. Zhang Y, Toh L, Lau P, Wang X. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a novel target of the Wnt/â-catenin pathway in human cancer. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(39):32494-32511. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.368282
23
24. Park JI, Venteicher AS, Hong JY, Choi J, Jun S, Shkreli M, et al. Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin. Nature 2009;460(7251):66-72. DOI: 10.1038/ nature08137
24
25. Majumdar A, Hughes D, Lichtsteiner S, Wang Z, Lebkowski J, Vasserot A. The telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives efficacious tumor suicide gene therapy while preventing hepatotoxicity encountered with constitutive promoters. Gene therapy. 2001;8(7):568-578. DOI: 0969-7128/01
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Technological and Probiotic Traits of the Lactobacilli Isolated From Vaginal Tract of the Healthy Women for Probiotic Use
Background: For biotechnological application, selected lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus (Lb) are proposed as an alternative to the antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of urogenital tract infections. Objectives: Isolating and selecting vaginal lactobacilli strains for probiotic use based on their technological and probiotic aptitudes. Materials and Methods: The vaginal isolates were examined for their essential characteristics as the potential probiotic such as low pH tolerance, bile-salt and simulated human intestinal fluid (SIF) resistance, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial cells (VECs), aggregation and coaggregation, surface hydrophobicity, antimicrobial activity, acid production, antibiotic resistance, and resistance to spermicides. The best strain was identified by PCR. Results: From 70 lactobacilli isolates and according to the 16 rDNA sequences, isolates B6 and B10 showed the closest homology (99%) to the Lb. gasseri and Lb. plantarum respectively. They produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tolerant to acid, bile, simulated human intestinal fluid, present a strong adhesion, highest percentages of aggregation, and antibacterial activity. These strains are resistant to the spermicide and actively acidify the growth medium. Conclusions: Strains Lb. plantarum B10 and Lb. gasseri B6 have a strong potential probiotic confirming their value as a tool for prevention against urinary and vaginal infections.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_15462_7aec62ee72988b333e607ecb89185e42.pdf
2016-09-01
192
201
DOI:10.15171/ijb.1432
Adherence
Aggregation
In vitro
Lactobacilli
PCR
Vaginal tract
Hamida
Bouridane
hbouridane@ymail.com
1
Laboratoryof Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, Jijel, Algeria
Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, Jijel, Algeria
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Sifour
sifourm@yahoo.fr
2
Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, Jijel, Algeria
AUTHOR
Tayeb
Idoui
tay_idoui@yahoo.fr
3
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Jijel, Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lejeune
Annick
gembloux@ulg.ac.be
4
Bio-Industries unit CWBI, Gembloux Agro. Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Passage Deportees, Gembloux, Belgium
AUTHOR
Philip
Thonard
p.thonart@ulg.ac.be
5
Bio-Industries unit CWBI, Gembloux Agro. Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Passage Deportees, Gembloux, Belgium
AUTHOR
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1
2. Atassi F, Brassar D, Grob Ph, Graf F, Servin AL. Vaginal Lactobacillus isolates inhibit uropathogenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006b;257:132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00163.x
2
3. Zárate G, Nader-Macias M. Influence of probiotic vaginal lactobacilli on in vitro adhesion of urogenital pathogens to vaginal epithelial cells. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006;l43:174-180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01934.x
3
4. Gardiner G, Heinemann C, Bruce A, Beuerman D, Reid G. Persistence of Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 and L. rhamnosus GR-1 but not L. rhamnosus GG in the human vagina as demonstrated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9:92-96. DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.1. 92-96.2002
4
5. Voravuthikunchai SP, Bilasoi S, Supamala O. Antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria by human vaginal lactobacilli. Anaerobe 2006;12:221-226. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.06.003
5
6. Garg k B, Ganguli I, Das R, Talwar GP. Spectrum of Lactobacillus species present in healthy vagina of Indian Women. Indian J Med Res. 2009;129:652-657.
6
7. Kaewsrichan J, Peeyananjarassri K, Kongprasertkit J. Selection and identification of anaerobic lactobacilli producing inhibitory compounds against vaginal pathogens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006;48:75-83. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00 124.x
7
8. Gil NF, Martinez RCR, GomesCB, NomizoA, De Martinis ECP. Vaginal lactobacilli as potential probiotic against Candida ssp. Braz J Microbiol. 2010;41:6-14. DOI: org/10.1590/S1517-83822010000100002
8
9. Dimitonova SP, Danova ST, Serkedjieva JP, Bakalov BV. Antimicrobial activity and protective properties of vaginal lactobacilli from healthy Bulgarian women. Anaerobe 2007;13:178-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.08.003
9
10. Strus M, Kucharska A, Kukla G, Brzychczy MW, Maresz K, Heczkoi PB. The in vitro activity of vaginal Lactobacillus with probiotic properties against Candida. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2005;13:69-75. DOI: 10.1080/10647440400028136
10
11. EO’Hanlon D, Moench TR, Cone RA. In vaginal fluid, bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis can be suppressed with lactic acid but not hydrogen peroxide. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:200-208. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-200
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12. BorisS, Suarez JE, Vazquez F, Barbés C. Adherence of Human Vaginal Lactobacilli to Vaginal Epithelial Cells and Interaction with Uropathogens. Infect Immunol. 1998;66:1985-1989.
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13. Ocaña VS, Bru E, Ruiz A, Holgado AP, Nader-Macias ME. Surface characteristics of lactobacilli isolated from human vagina. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1999;45:203-212.
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14. Osset J, Bartolome RM, Garcia E, Andreu A. Assessment of the capacity of Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of uropathogens and block their adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:485-491. DOI: 10.1086/318070
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15. Fraga M, Perelmuter K, Delucchi L, Cidade E, Zunino P. Vaginal lactic acid bacteria in the mare: evaluation of the probiotic potential of native Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. Strains. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2008;93:71-78. DOI: 10.1007/s 10482-007-9180-4
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16. Ayenalem S, Yusuf L, Ashenafi M. Lactic Acid Bacterial Vaginosis among Outpatients in Addis Ababa. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2010;24(3):198-204.
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17. Aroutcheva A, Gariti D, Simon M, Shott S, Faro J, Simoes JA, et al. Defense factors of vaginal lactobacilli. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;85(2):375-379. DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.115867
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18. Reid G. In vitro testing of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as a possible probiotic for the urogenital tract. Int Dairy J. 2000;10:415-419. DOI: 10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00059-5
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19. Aslim B, Kilic E. Some probiotic properties of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from healthy women. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2006;59:249-253.
19
20. Ascual LM, Daniele MB, Pajaro C, Barberis L. Lactobacillus species isolated from the vagina: identification, hydrogen peroxide production and nonoxynol-9 resistance. Contraception 2006;73:78-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.06.066
20
21. Yixu H, Tian W, Wan C, Jia L, Wang L, Yuan J, et al. Antagonistic Potential against Pathogenic Microorganisms and Hydrogen Peroxide Production of Indigenous Lactobacilli Isolated from Vagina of Chinese Pregnant Women. Biomed Environ Sci. 2008;21:365-371. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-3988(08)60056-2.
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22. Kaewnopparat S, Dangmanee N, Kaewnopparat N, Srichana T, Chulasiri M, Settharaksa S. In vitro probiotic properties of Lactobacillus fermentum SK5 isolated from vagina of a healthy woman. Anaerobe 2013;22:6-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.04.009
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23. Woraharn S, Chaiyasut C, Sirithunyalug B, Sirithunyalug J. Survival enhancement of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CMU-FP002 by granulation and encapsulation techniques. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2010;4(20):2086-2093.
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24. Mclean NW, Rosenstenin IJ. Characterization and selection of Lactobacillus species to re-colonise the vagina of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. J Med Microbiol. 2000;49:543-552. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-6-543.
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25. Kos B, Šuškovic J, Vukoviæ S, Šimpraga M, Frece J, Matošiæ S. Adhesion and aggregation ability of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus M92. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;94:981-987. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01915.x
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26. Iyer R, Tomar SK, Kapila S, Mani J, Singh R. Probiotic properties of folate producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains. Food Res Int. 2010;43:103-110. DOI : 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.011
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29. Vallor AC, Antonio MAD, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. Factors associated with acquisition of, or persistent colonization by, vaginal lactobacilli: role of hydrogen peroxide production. J Infect Dis. 2001;184:1431-1436. DOI: 10.1086/324445
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30. Merk K, Borelli C, Korting HC. Lactobacilli-bacteria-host interactions with special regard to the urogenital tract. Int J Med Microbiol. 2005;295:9-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.11.006
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33. Nivoliez A, Camares O, Paquet- Gachinat M, Bornes S, Forestier Ch,Veisseire PH. Influence of manufacturing processes on in vitro properties of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35. J Biotechnol. 2012;160:236-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.04.005
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34. Ekmekci H, Aslim B, Ozturk S. Characterization of vaginal lactobacilli coaggregation abbility with Escherichia coli. Microbiol Immunol. 2009;53:59-65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00115.x
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35. Collado MC, Meriluoto J. Adhesion and aggregation properties of probiotic and pathogen strains. Eur Food Res Technol. 2008;226:1065-1073. DOI 10.1007/s00217-007-0632-x
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36. Balakrishna A. In vitro evaluation of adhesion and aggregation abilities of four potential probiotic strains isolated from guppy (Poeciliareticulata). Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2013;56(5):793-800. DOI :org/10.1590/S1516-89132013000500010.
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39. Juàrez Tomàs MS, Ocana SV, Wiese B, Nader-Macias ME. Growth and lactic acid production by vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1259 and inhibition of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol. 2003;52:1117-1124. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.07.010
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40. Rousseau V, Lepargneurb JP, Roquesc C, Remaud-Simeond M, Paul F. Prebiotic effects of oligosaccharides on selected vaginal lactobacilli and pathogenic microorganisms. Anaerobe.2005;11:145-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.12.002
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41. Matu MN, Orinda GO, Njagi ENM, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA. In vitro inhibitory activity of human vaginal lactobacilli against pathogenic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis in Kenyan women. Anaerobe. 2010;16:210-215. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.11.002
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hspb1 and Tp53 Mutation and Expression Analysis in Cat Mammary Tumors
Background: Molecular marker based cancer diagnosis gaining more attention in the current genomics era. So, Hspb1 and Tp53 gene characterization and their mRNA expression might be helpful in diagnosis andprognosis ofcat mammary adenocarcinoma. It will also add informationin comparative cancer genetics and genomics. Objectives: Eight tumors of Siamese cats were analyzed to ascertain germ-line and tissue-specific somatic DNA variationsof Hspb1 and Tp53 genes alongwith the ectopic differential expressionin tumorous and normal tissueswere also analyzed. Materials and Methods: Tumorous tissues and peripheral blood from mammary adenocarcinoma affected Siamese cats were collected from the Pet center-UVAS. DNA and RNA were extracted from these tissues to analyze the Hspb1 and Tp53 DNA variants and ectopic expression of their mRNA within cancerous and normal tissues. Results: Exon 1 and 3 revealed as hotspots in Hspb1 gene. The 5´UTR region of the exon1 bearsix mutation including 3 transitions, 2 transversion and one heterozygous synonymous transversion in two samples at locus c.34C>C/A. Exon 3 has 1 transversion at c.773A>A/T, 3´UTR of this exon harbor two point mutationsat 1868A>T and 2193C>T loci. Intron 2 has two alterations at 1490C>C/T and GTCT4del at 1514. Overall up-regulationof Hspb1 gene was observed. While exons 3, 4 and 7 of Tp53 harbor asingle variationat c.105A>A/G, c.465T>T/C and c.859G>T respectively. The locus c.1050G>G/A in exon 9 is a heterozygous (G/A) in 3 samples and homozygous (G) in 2 other tumours. Introns 3, 5, 7 and 9 harbor 3, 4, 2 and 7 altered loci respectively. Sixty percentof cancers showed up-regulated trend of Tp53 gene. Conclusions: Tumor specific mutations and ectopic expression of Hspb1 and Tp53 genes might be helpful in the diagnosis of the mammary lesions and endorse their involvement in cat mammary neoplasm.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_33647_bceade81d26166235febc10c35b859bd.pdf
2016-09-01
202
212
10.15171/ijb.1480
Cat mammary tumor
Hsp27 mutation and expression
Tp53 mutation and expression
Rashid
Saif
rashid.saif@vu.edu.pk
1
Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Awan
arawan77@googlemail.com
2
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Leslie
Lyons
lyonsla@missouri.edu
3
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
AUTHOR
Barbara
Gandolfi
gandolfib@missouri.edu
4
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
AUTHOR
Muhammad
Tayyab
muhammad.tayyab@uvas.edu.pk
5
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Masroor
Babar
masroor.ellahi@vu.edu.pk
6
Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Asim
Mahmood
asimvet@uvas.edu.pk
7
Pet Center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Zia
Ullah
zia.mughal@uvas.edu.pk
8
Pet Center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Muhammad
Wasim
muhammad.wasim@uvas.edu.pk
9
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
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