2024-03-29T11:50:43Z
https://www.ijbiotech.com/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1157
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Re-design of Downstream Processing Techniques for Nanoparticulate Bioproducts
Mohsen
Jahanshahi
There has been much interest generated in the recovery of nanoparticulate (nanoparticle) bioproducts(Second generation of biotechnological products) such as plasmid DNA and viruses as putative gene therapyvectors, macromolecular assemblies as drug delivery vehicles and virus-like particles as vaccine components.Such product must be manufactured in advanced stages of purity, material definition and sophisticated formulation to rival those demanded of the pharmaceutical macromolecules which dominate as the first generation products. Nanoparticulates are characterized by a critical size range (10-300 nm diameter) and complexity of surface chemistry and internal organisation which pose new challenges in separation science and engineering, controlled chemistries of modification and material measurement not readily addressed by extant technologies. Current review article is concerns with structural characterisations of nanoparticulate bioproducts as well as redesign of their downstream processing techniques which are common to all programmes. This focus is upon candidate partition systems which can contribute to the fractionation, recovery and purification of nanoparticulate assemblies from their soluble components (capsid proteins from virus, polynucleotides from plasmid DNA, soluble, agglomerated forms of protein etc.). The mechanistic design of new separation and formulation technologies based upon a sound understanding of quantifiable structural features of these nanoparticle bioproducts is strongly indicated.
Nanoparticle bioproducts
Drug delivery vehicles
Laminated adsorbent
Bioseparation
Downstream processing
Aqueous two-phase system
2004
01
01
1
12
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6931_f6b868a8a080b584c27b1927a0da11e9.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Isolation and Identification of Yeast Strains Capable of Producing Single Cell Protein from Whey in Co-Cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hassan
Moeini
Sadeq
Vallian
Iraj
Nahvi
In this study, twenty-five whey samples collected from dairy industries in the city of Isfahan. The sampleswere cultured on malt extract broth (MEB) and yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar (YGCA) media.Eleven yeast strains (designated M1 to M11) were isolated from the culture. The strains were identified bytheir morphological and physiological properties. Betagalactosidase activity in the yeast strains showed thata strain of K. lactis designated as M2 had highest enzyme activity (up to 8103 EU/ml). The isolated yeaststrains were examined for their ability in reduction of the biological oxygen demand (BOD). The resultsdemonstrated a high level of reduction in the M2 strain.This strain was also found to have highest level of single cell protein (SCP), production (up to 11.79 g/l drymass cell). The co-culture of the isolated yeast strains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the highestbiomass yield up to 22.38 g/l dry mass cell and significant reduction in initial BOD. Together, the datashowed that the isolated yeast strain could be of valuable application in bioconversion of whey.
Candida versatilis
Beta-galactosidase
Kluyveromyces lactis
Kluyveromyces marxianus
SCP
Whey
2004
01
01
13
18
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6932_2409114d05f967b94012ef4429d78291.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Cloning and Sequencing of Desulfurization Operon froma Newly Isolated Bacterium Rhodococcus FMF
Soudabeh
Akbarzadeh
Jamshid
Raheb
Ferdous
Rastegar Jazii
A native strain of Rhodococcus FMF was isolated from soil samples collected from Tabriz petroleum refineryarea in Iran. The presence of sox operon in the genomic DNA and the ability of bacteria to consumedibenzothiophen (DBT) as sulfur source were assessed. DNA was amplified by PCR and subsequently cloned into pTZ57R cloning vector. Diffrent restriction endonucleases; EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI/HindIII and XhoI were used to prove the accuracy of cloning. Acquired clone was named pTZAB57R. Subsequently, the relevant A and B genes involved in DBT consumption were sequenced and compared with the map of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 desulfurization pathway genes. Results show that the desulfurization operon in the native isolated Rhodococcus FMF bacterium is completely conserved.
Rhodococcus spp
Biodesulfurization
Dibenzothiophen
2004
01
01
19
24
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6934_1a1d328a7fd9b00208618cab67cfd52e.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Detection, Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenic Analyses of a New Primate T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I in Olive Baboon
Kayhan
Azadmanesh
Farzin
Roohvand
Safieh
Amini
Mirdad
Kazanji
Infection with Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) is a global health problem, affecting 10 to 20million people around the world, including north-east of Iran. It has been recognized to be the etiologic agent of adult T-cell Leukemia and HTLV-I-associated Myelopathy. In both cases, the HTLV-I transactivatorprotein (Tax), plays crucial role. Monkeys are suitable host for a related virus called STLV, which togetherwith HTLV are called Primate T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses (PTLVs). Primates are the only known hosts, inaddition to human, to be able to develop malignant changes in the natural course of infection with PTLV-Iand therefore, could be a valuable animal model for studies on this virus. In the present study, we reportPCR-based detection and cloning of 1.8 kb pX region of a new PTLV in olive baboon (Papio anubis).Sequence alignments and phylogenic studies on nucleotide sequence of this region and amino acids ofconceptually translated Tax protein showed that monkeys are infected with a PTLV much closer to HTLV-Isub-types a and b, rather than STLV-I. Moreover, analyses of its Tax protein suggest that it might havethe same function as HTLV-I Tax proteins. Results of our study indicate the possibility of exploiting thesebaboons as an animal model of choice for evaluating a tax-based DNA vaccine to decrease the viral load ofHTLV-I in carriers , in order to prevent the outcomes, as well as they may be utilized for other HTLV-I physiopathologic or therapeutic studies.
Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
pX genes
Phylogeny
animal models
Papio
2004
01
01
25
34
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6921_582ead237d9a734fb3b5daf0f16cf995.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Bivalent DNA Vaccination with Genes Encoding Leishmania major Cysteine Proteinases Type I and II Protects Mice Against Infectious Challenge
Azita
Zadeh-Vakili
Tahereh
Taheri
Fatemeh
Doustdari
Ali-Hatef
Salmanian
Sima
Rafati
Cysteine proteinases (CPs) of Leishmania are considered to be attractive vaccine candidate in which theirimmunogenicity and immuno-modulatory effects have been confirmed. We have previously reported that acocktail of two DNA plasmids encoding Leishmania major cysteine proteinases type I (CPB) and type II(CPA) induces a partial protective response in murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results alsoshowed that the induced protective response was better than the responses given by each one the plasmidsalone. However, in view of the capability of DNA plasmid for encoding several antigens, we investigated thepossibility of using a single bivalent DNA vaccine, based on CP genes as an alternative mean of inducingprotective immunity. Here we present evidence favoring that CPA and CPB delivered in the same plasmidDNA backbone either in separate locus or as a tandem fused gene induce partial protection againstLeishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. Immunization of mice with these constructs promotedspecific T-cell response of Th1 phenotype that is characterized by an increase in production of IFN-γ.Our results confirm the previous observation about the possibility of DNA immunization against leishmaniasisusing CP genes and lend support to the idea of using a single polyvalent plasmid DNA construct to elicitimmune responses to several distinct antigens.
Bivalent DNA Vaccination
Cysteine Proteinases
Type I and II
Leishmania Major
2004
01
01
35
43
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6933_3f13331a2455e4dc3fb780af462b6d58.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Investigation of the Mitochondrial Haplogroups M, BM, N, J, K and Their Frequencies in Five Regions in Iran
Massoud
Houshmand
Mohammad-Hossein
Sanati
Mehrdad
Vakilian
Mansoureh
Akuchekian
Farbod
Babrzadeh
Massoud
Teimori
Daroush
Farhud
The frequencies of the Asian (M, BM) and European (N, J,K) mtDNA haplogroups in five major regions of Iran was investigated. Unexpectedly, the frequencies of the Asian haplogroups M and BM were low in Iran (2.34% for haplogroup M; 17.6% for haplogroup BM and 80.06% for haplogroup N). Almost identical frequencies for haplogroups J and K were found in the present study (10.81% and 10.14% for haplogroups J and K, respectively). On the other hand, the frequencies of haplogroups M and BM in Eastern regions were more than their frequencies in Western regions of the country. In contrast, the frequencies of haplogroups J and Kin Western regions were more than their frequencies in Eastern regions of Iran. As a result, this study gives evidence for similarity between Iranian population ethnic groups and people from Northwest Asia and Southeast Europe. Our data suggest that Iranian tribes probably played a remarkable role in the formation of these ethnic groups. It gives the indication that the haplogroup J may be older than 6000-10000 years,and probably developed in Iran, and then expanded to different regions in Europe and Northwest Asia. On the other hand, it seems that the super-haplogroup M has developed after the inhabitants of Iran moved to Eastern Asia or this group migrated from Southern Iran/North of Arabian halve O to Pakistan and then to Asia.
MtDNA
Mitochondrial
Haplogroup
Iran
2004
01
01
44
48
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6927_575dcb023a3bee77eaa825d852af0212.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis
Valeh
Hadavi
Mohammad H
Sanati
Daroush
Farhud
Masoud
Hushmand
Morteza
Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori
Seyed Masoud
Nabavi
Masoud
Younesian
Maziar
Seyedian
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, with a complexetiology that includes a strong genetic component. The contribution of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) has been established in numerous genetic linkage and association studies. In addition to theMHC, the chromosome 19q13 region surrounding the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has shown consistentevidence of involvement in MS. In a cross-sectional study, to show differences in APOE allele frequenciesin multiple sclerosis compared with controls, we genotyped polymorphisms in four alleles namely; ε2, ε3 ande4 alleles. This study was carried out on 81 patients with clinically definite MS and 93 asymptomatic,randomly selected elderly volunteers. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of e4 allelebetween patients with MS and controls (9.3% vs. 0.5%; χ2=15.2; df=2; p<0.001). This provides strong support for the association of MS with APOE ε4 allele.
Multiple Sclerosis
Apolipoprotein E
Polymorphism
Iran
2004
01
01
49
54
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6922_a28d9461f240fdf81bf1cfca204259b0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2004
2
1
Metal Accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Occur in the Form of Nanoparticles on the Cell Surface
Mohammad Reza
Shakibaie
Ali
Harati
In this study the mechanism of chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa wasinvestigated. For this reason, 50 isolates of this microorganism were separated from 345 burn patients hospitalized in burn unit of Kerman hospital, Iran, during May 2001 to April 2002. Susceptibility/resistance of the isolates to KCrO4, CuSO4, 5 H2O, AgNO3 and HgCl2 was determined by the agar dilution method. Amongthem, 6% were highly resistant to KCrO4 (MIC 50 mM), 56% were resistant to CuSO4, 5 H2O (MIC 10 mM),while, all the isolates were sensitive to HgCl2 and AgNO3 with MIC range 0.5 -1 mM, respectively. Metalresistant isolates exhibited different rate of Cr and Cu accumulation. Isolates 14, 39 and 50 accumulated11,14 and 15 mM/g biomass chromate, similarly, isolate 24 accumulated 8 mM/g biomass copper. Theaccumulation of Cr and Cu was mainly surface bound (biosorption), since considerable quantity of theseheavy metals was lost from the cell biomass after treating the cells with 50 mM EDTA. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa isolates did not produce H2S. X-ray diffraction analysis of the cell surface exposed to the aboveheavy metal ions revealed that Cr and Cu were mainly deposited on the cell surface in the form of chromiumand copper sulfide (CrS and CuS). These complexes were in the form of electron dense nanoparticles rangingin size from 10 to 40 nm in diameter. However, cells treated with EDTA did not show such complexes.
Pseudomonas
metal resistance
Biosorption
Nanoparticles
2004
01
01
55
60
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6930_ec74ceec90e545754b8dcc1da1addfaa.pdf