National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Re-design of Downstream Processing Techniques for Nanoparticulate Bioproducts1126931ENMohsen JahanshahiNanoparticle Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20040101There has been much interest generated in the recovery of nanoparticulate (nanoparticle) bioproducts<br />(Second generation of biotechnological products) such as plasmid DNA and viruses as putative gene therapy<br />vectors, macromolecular assemblies as drug delivery vehicles and virus-like particles as vaccine components.<br />Such product must be manufactured in advanced stages of purity, material definition and sophisticated formulation to rival those demanded of the pharmaceutical macromolecules which dominate as the first generation products. Nanoparticulates are characterized by a critical size range (10-300 nm diameter) and complexity of surface chemistry and internal organisation which pose new challenges in separation science and engineering, controlled chemistries of modification and material measurement not readily addressed by extant technologies. Current review article is concerns with structural characterisations of nanoparticulate bioproducts as well as redesign of their downstream processing techniques which are common to all programmes. This focus is upon candidate partition systems which can contribute to the fractionation, recovery and purification of nanoparticulate assemblies from their soluble components (capsid proteins from virus, polynucleotides from plasmid DNA, soluble, agglomerated forms of protein etc.). The mechanistic design of new separation and formulation technologies based upon a sound understanding of quantifiable structural features of these nanoparticle bioproducts is strongly indicated.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6931_f6b868a8a080b584c27b1927a0da11e9.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Isolation and Identification of Yeast Strains Capable of Producing Single Cell Protein from Whey in Co-Cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae13186932ENHassan MoeiniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, I.R. Iran. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, I.R. Iran.Sadeq VallianDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Iraj NahviDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20040101In this study, twenty-five whey samples collected from dairy industries in the city of Isfahan. The samples<br />were cultured on malt extract broth (MEB) and yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar (YGCA) media.<br />Eleven yeast strains (designated M1 to M11) were isolated from the culture. The strains were identified by<br />their morphological and physiological properties. Betagalactosidase activity in the yeast strains showed that<br />a strain of K. lactis designated as M2 had highest enzyme activity (up to 8103 EU/ml). The isolated yeast<br />strains were examined for their ability in reduction of the biological oxygen demand (BOD). The results<br />demonstrated a high level of reduction in the M2 strain.<br />This strain was also found to have highest level of single cell protein (SCP), production (up to 11.79 g/l dry<br />mass cell). The co-culture of the isolated yeast strains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the highest<br />biomass yield up to 22.38 g/l dry mass cell and significant reduction in initial BOD. Together, the data<br />showed that the isolated yeast strain could be of valuable application in bioconversion of whey.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6932_2409114d05f967b94012ef4429d78291.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Cloning and Sequencing of Desulfurization Operon froma Newly Isolated Bacterium Rhodococcus FMF19246934ENSoudabeh AkbarzadehNational Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Jamshid RahebNational Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Ferdous Rastegar JaziiNational Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20040101A native strain of Rhodococcus FMF was isolated from soil samples collected from Tabriz petroleum refinery<br />area in Iran. The presence of sox operon in the genomic DNA and the ability of bacteria to consume<br />dibenzothiophen (DBT) as sulfur source were assessed. DNA was amplified by PCR and subsequently cloned into pTZ57R cloning vector. Diffrent restriction endonucleases; EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI/HindIII and XhoI were used to prove the accuracy of cloning. Acquired clone was named pTZAB57R. Subsequently, the relevant A and B genes involved in DBT consumption were sequenced and compared with the map of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 desulfurization pathway genes. Results show that the desulfurization operon in the native isolated Rhodococcus FMF bacterium is completely conserved.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6934_1a1d328a7fd9b00208618cab67cfd52e.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Detection, Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenic Analyses of a New Primate T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I in Olive Baboon25346921ENKayhan AzadmaneshHepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, I.R. Iran. Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Institut Pasteur De La Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.Farzin RoohvandHepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Safieh AminiHepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Mirdad KazanjiLaboratoire de Retrovirologie, Institut Pasteur De La Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.Journal Article20040101Infection with Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) is a global health problem, affecting 10 to 20<br />million people around the world, including north-east of Iran. It has been recognized to be the etiologic agent of adult T-cell Leukemia and HTLV-I-associated Myelopathy. In both cases, the HTLV-I transactivator<br />protein (Tax), plays crucial role. Monkeys are suitable host for a related virus called STLV, which together<br />with HTLV are called Primate T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses (PTLVs). Primates are the only known hosts, in<br />addition to human, to be able to develop malignant changes in the natural course of infection with PTLV-I<br />and therefore, could be a valuable animal model for studies on this virus. In the present study, we report<br />PCR-based detection and cloning of 1.8 kb pX region of a new PTLV in olive baboon (Papio anubis).<br />Sequence alignments and phylogenic studies on nucleotide sequence of this region and amino acids of<br />conceptually translated Tax protein showed that monkeys are infected with a PTLV much closer to HTLV-I<br />sub-types a and b, rather than STLV-I. Moreover, analyses of its Tax protein suggest that it might have<br />the same function as HTLV-I Tax proteins. Results of our study indicate the possibility of exploiting these<br />baboons as an animal model of choice for evaluating a tax-based DNA vaccine to decrease the viral load of<br />HTLV-I in carriers , in order to prevent the outcomes, as well as they may be utilized for other HTLV-I physiopathologic or therapeutic studies.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6921_582ead237d9a734fb3b5daf0f16cf995.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Bivalent DNA Vaccination with Genes Encoding Leishmania major Cysteine Proteinases Type I and II Protects Mice Against Infectious Challenge35436933ENAzita Zadeh-VakiliMolecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.Tahereh TaheriMolecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.Fatemeh DoustdariMolecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.Ali-Hatef SalmanianNational Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, I. R. Iran.Sima RafatiMolecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.Journal Article20040101Cysteine proteinases (CPs) of Leishmania are considered to be attractive vaccine candidate in which their<br />immunogenicity and immuno-modulatory effects have been confirmed. We have previously reported that a<br />cocktail of two DNA plasmids encoding Leishmania major cysteine proteinases type I (CPB) and type II<br />(CPA) induces a partial protective response in murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results also<br />showed that the induced protective response was better than the responses given by each one the plasmids<br />alone. However, in view of the capability of DNA plasmid for encoding several antigens, we investigated the<br />possibility of using a single bivalent DNA vaccine, based on CP genes as an alternative mean of inducing<br />protective immunity. Here we present evidence favoring that CPA and CPB delivered in the same plasmid<br />DNA backbone either in separate locus or as a tandem fused gene induce partial protection against<br />Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. Immunization of mice with these constructs promoted<br />specific T-cell response of Th1 phenotype that is characterized by an increase in production of IFN-γ.<br />Our results confirm the previous observation about the possibility of DNA immunization against leishmaniasis<br />using CP genes and lend support to the idea of using a single polyvalent plasmid DNA construct to elicit<br />immune responses to several distinct antigens.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6933_3f13331a2455e4dc3fb780af462b6d58.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Investigation of the Mitochondrial Haplogroups M, BM, N, J, K and Their Frequencies in Five Regions in Iran44486927ENMassoud HoushmandNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad-Hossein SanatiNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Mehrdad VakilianNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Mansoureh AkuchekianNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Farbod BabrzadehNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Massoud TeimoriNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Daroush FarhudInstitute of Health Science, Tehran University, Tehran, I.R. IranJournal Article20040101The frequencies of the Asian (M, BM) and European (N, J,K) mtDNA haplogroups in five major regions of Iran was investigated. Unexpectedly, the frequencies of the Asian haplogroups M and BM were low in Iran (2.34% for haplogroup M; 17.6% for haplogroup BM and 80.06% for haplogroup N). Almost identical frequencies for haplogroups J and K were found in the present study (10.81% and 10.14% for haplogroups J and K, respectively). On the other hand, the frequencies of haplogroups M and BM in Eastern regions were more than their frequencies in Western regions of the country. In contrast, the frequencies of haplogroups J and K<br />in Western regions were more than their frequencies in Eastern regions of Iran. As a result, this study gives evidence for similarity between Iranian population ethnic groups and people from Northwest Asia and Southeast Europe. Our data suggest that Iranian tribes probably played a remarkable role in the formation of these ethnic groups. It gives the indication that the haplogroup J may be older than 6000-10000 years,<br />and probably developed in Iran, and then expanded to different regions in Europe and Northwest Asia. On the other hand, it seems that the super-haplogroup M has developed after the inhabitants of Iran moved to Eastern Asia or this group migrated from Southern Iran/North of Arabian halve O to Pakistan and then to Asia.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6927_575dcb023a3bee77eaa825d852af0212.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis49546922ENValeh HadaviDepartment of Human Genetics and Anthropology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.Mohammad H SanatiNational Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.Daroush FarhudDepartment of Human Genetics and Anthropology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Masoud HushmandNational Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14155-6343, Tehran.Morteza Hashemzadeh ChaleshtoriDepartment of Human Genetics and Anthropology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Seyed Masoud NabaviDepartment of Neurology, Shahed Medical University, Tehran, Iran.Masoud YounesianDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.Maziar SeyedianRoozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20040101Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, with a complex<br />etiology that includes a strong genetic component. The contribution of the major histocompatibility complex<br />(MHC) has been established in numerous genetic linkage and association studies. In addition to the<br />MHC, the chromosome 19q13 region surrounding the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has shown consistent<br />evidence of involvement in MS. In a cross-sectional study, to show differences in APOE allele frequencies<br />in multiple sclerosis compared with controls, we genotyped polymorphisms in four alleles namely; ε2, ε3 and<br />e4 alleles. This study was carried out on 81 patients with clinically definite MS and 93 asymptomatic,<br />randomly selected elderly volunteers. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of e4 allele<br />between patients with MS and controls (9.3% vs. 0.5%; χ2=15.2; df=2; p<0.001). This provides strong support for the association of MS with APOE ε4 allele.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6922_a28d9461f240fdf81bf1cfca204259b0.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30432120040101Metal Accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Occur in the Form of Nanoparticles on the Cell Surface55606930ENMohammad Reza ShakibaieDepartment Of Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, I.R. Iran.Ali HaratiDepartment Of Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20040101In this study the mechanism of chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was<br />investigated. For this reason, 50 isolates of this microorganism were separated from 345 burn patients hospitalized in burn unit of Kerman hospital, Iran, during May 2001 to April 2002. Susceptibility/resistance of the isolates to KCrO4, CuSO4, 5 H2O, AgNO3 and HgCl2 was determined by the agar dilution method. Among<br />them, 6% were highly resistant to KCrO4 (MIC 50 mM), 56% were resistant to CuSO4, 5 H2O (MIC 10 mM),<br />while, all the isolates were sensitive to HgCl2 and AgNO3 with MIC range 0.5 -1 mM, respectively. Metal<br />resistant isolates exhibited different rate of Cr and Cu accumulation. Isolates 14, 39 and 50 accumulated<br />11,14 and 15 mM/g biomass chromate, similarly, isolate 24 accumulated 8 mM/g biomass copper. The<br />accumulation of Cr and Cu was mainly surface bound (biosorption), since considerable quantity of these<br />heavy metals was lost from the cell biomass after treating the cells with 50 mM EDTA. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa isolates did not produce H2S. X-ray diffraction analysis of the cell surface exposed to the above<br />heavy metal ions revealed that Cr and Cu were mainly deposited on the cell surface in the form of chromium<br />and copper sulfide (CrS and CuS). These complexes were in the form of electron dense nanoparticles ranging<br />in size from 10 to 40 nm in diameter. However, cells treated with EDTA did not show such complexes.https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6930_ec74ceec90e545754b8dcc1da1addfaa.pdf